Diabetes is a systemic condition that affects multiple organs in the body, including the eyes. Over time, high blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels in the retina, leading to serious vision problems. Without early detection and proper management, diabetes-related eye diseases can cause permanent vision loss.
Fitzgerald Optometry provides comprehensive eye exams to monitor for early signs of diabetic eye disease and help you take proactive steps to protect your vision.
Common Diabetic Eye Conditions
People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing several eye conditions that can impact vision.
1. Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy occurs when high blood sugar damages the small blood vessels in the retina, leading to bleeding, swelling, and leakage of fluid. This condition progresses in stages:
- Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR): Early-stage damage where blood vessels weaken and form small bulges (microaneurysms).
- Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR): Advanced stage where new abnormal blood vessels grow, increasing the risk of bleeding and retinal detachment.
Symptoms to watch for:
- Blurry or fluctuating vision
- Dark spots or floaters
- Sudden vision loss
Early detection through regular eye exams is essential, as diabetic retinopathy often has no noticeable symptoms in its early stages.
2. Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)
DME occurs when fluid leaks into the macula—the part of the retina responsible for sharp central vision—causing swelling and vision loss.
Symptoms include:
- Blurred or distorted central vision
- Colours appearing washed out
- Difficulty reading or recognising faces
DME can develop at any stage of diabetic retinopathy, making routine eye exams critical for early detection and treatment.
3. Cataracts
People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing cataracts at an earlier age. Cataracts cause the eye’s natural lens to become cloudy, leading to:
- Blurry or dim vision
- Increased glare sensitivity
- Difficulty seeing at night
Cataract surgery is an effective treatment, but managing blood sugar levels can help slow their progression.
4. Glaucoma
Diabetes doubles the risk of developing glaucoma, a condition that damages the optic nerve due to increased eye pressure. If left untreated, glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss.
Symptoms include:
- Gradual loss of peripheral vision
- Eye pain or pressure
- Blurred vision
Glaucoma often develops without noticeable symptoms, making regular eye pressure checks essential for those with diabetes.
The Importance of Regular Diabetic Eye Exams
Since many diabetic eye diseases develop without early symptoms, routine eye exams are the best way to detect problems before they cause significant vision loss.
At Fitzgerald Optometry, our diabetic eye exams include:
- Retinal Imaging: High-resolution scans to assess damage to blood vessels in the retina.
- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Detects swelling and fluid buildup in the macula.
- Dilated Eye Exams: Allows a detailed view of the retina and optic nerve.
- Eye Pressure Testing: Essential for detecting glaucoma early.
We work closely with patients and their healthcare providers to ensure comprehensive diabetic eye care.
How to Protect Your Vision If You Have Diabetes
While diabetes increases the risk of eye diseases, proactive management can help preserve vision.
1. Maintain Healthy Blood Sugar Levels
Consistently high blood sugar damages blood vessels in the eyes. Keeping glucose levels within the target range helps reduce the risk of diabetic retinopathy.
2. Control Blood Pressure and Cholesterol
High blood pressure and cholesterol can worsen diabetic eye disease. A heart-healthy diet and regular exercise support both cardiovascular and eye health.
3. Quit Smoking
Smoking increases inflammation and damages blood vessels, making diabetes-related vision loss more likely.
4. Wear UV-Protective Sunglasses
UV exposure can accelerate cataract development. Sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays provide added protection.
Even if vision seems normal, diabetic eye exams are essential for detecting issues early. Annual check-ups are recommended, or more frequent visits if changes in vision occur.
Diabetic Eye Care at Fitzgerald Optometry
We understand the unique eye health needs of individuals with diabetes. Our experienced team uses advanced technology to detect diabetic eye disease early and provide personalised treatment plans.
We are committed to helping you maintain clear vision and eye health.
Book a Diabetic Eye Exam Today
If you have diabetes, don’t wait for vision problems to appear—schedule a comprehensive eye exam at Fitzgerald Optometry in Canada. Early detection and proactive care are the best ways to protect your sight.
Contact us today to book your appointment and take control of your eye health.